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.coli sensitivity 267prophage 59, 61, 62interaction with packaging paralytic 330(3-propiolactone 262materials 367 vaccination 326,330-1propogated-source outbreaks 87, 88minimum inhibitory effects on incidence 322concentration 243 killed (Salk) 330 FIP 88mycobacterial resistance 269-70 live (Sabin) 330 proproteins 459pH effects 235 see also polio vaccine; propylene glycol 342poliovirus prostaglandins 281white fluids 222, 223poliovirus 57, 62, 64, 69 prostate infections 141phenoxyacetic acid 158proteases 77phenoxyethanol 214 faecal excretion of vaccineprotective clothing 346-7, 4282-phenoxyethanol 257 virus 330-1phenoxymethylpenicillin 92 plaque assays 245 aseptic areas 435manufacture 149, 158 types 330,331 clean areas 433phenylacetic acid (PAA) 92, 93, 156 polyclonal activation 298 protein A 81phenylalanine 483 polyenes 114,775,178,179 protein A-IgG complexes 81phenylethanol 214antibiotic-resistance 43 protein drugs 461phenylketonuria (PKU) testing 482-3polyglycerol-phosphate 5 protein synthesis inhibitionphenylmercuric acetate 253,417,419polyhexamethylene biguanide 207, azalides 172phenylmercuric nitrate 417,419217 chloramphenicol 171-2phenylmercuric salts 220polyhydroxybutyric acid 9 clindamycin 172pheromones, oligopeptide 36polymers, packaging 358 lincomycin 172phosphatidyl ethanolamine 8polymyxins 27,92,111,178-9 macrolides 172phosphatidyl glycerol 8resistance 195-6 mupirocin 173phospholipase 83polynoxylin 216 resistance 188-92phospholipid 7, 8polypeptide antibiotics 111,461 streptomycin 169arrangement in cytoplasmic polyphosphate 9 proteinsmembrane 8 polyribitol 5 administration route 466bilayer 9 polyvinylchloride, plasticized 413 fusion 460phosphonoacetic acid 127 porins 8,270 glycosylation 459phosphotransferases 188 cell membrane 185 identity 465Photobacterium fischeri 25 channels 267,268 medically important 461,463-4phthalylsulphathiazole 116 potassium monoperoxysulphate 221 recombinant 461,466physical indicators of sterility 441-2 povidone-iodine 219, 220 synthesis 169-70,163, 171-6picornaviruses 64-5 poxviruses 63,69 proteolysis 459-60pigment, bacterial cell 10 pregnancy, urinary tract infections Proteus mirabilis 188pili 10,79Proteus morganii 29-30140pinocytosis 82 Proteus spp.preservatives 202, 251-4, 365-8pipleines 351availability 366-8 biocide resistance 264Pityrosporum spp.346bioluminescence 254 transfer from manufacturing processpivmecillinam 93, 94, 95operators 346challenge tests 369plague 28,283combinations 252-4 water supply 342plant matter, decaying 342concentration 366 Proteus vulgaris 29-30plaque assays for virucidalprothionomide 118containers 367-8protonmotive force 257activity 245-6 efficacy 252plasma substitutes 471 epifluorescence 254 Protozoaplasmid-coded acquired resistance to evaluation 252 antimicrobial agent choice 207biocides 272-4 eye-drops 417 metronidazole activity 120plasmids inoculum size 366 resistance to biocides 275enzyme inactivation 133^ microbial attack 359 Providencia spp.30Providencia stuartii 264foreign DNA insertion 454-5 multiphase systems 367resistance 133,187,273 packaging 267-8 provirus 71pseudomembranous colitis 27acquired 183-4 performance criteria 252Index 505superinfection 136 quality assurance 368-73,427 antibiotic policies 146vancomycin therapy 111 quality control 368,427 antimicrobial drugs 133^-pseudomonads GPMP 370 antimycobacterial drugs 196-7biocide resistance 269 pharmaceutical manufacture 429 p-lactam antibiotics 192-4selective media 19 quaternary ammonium compounds bacitracin 196Pseudomonas acidophila 92 (QACs) 207,211,224-5 bacterial conjugation 15Pseudomonas aeruginosa 28, 75 atmospheric disinfection 342 biochemical mechanisms 184-97antimicrobial agent choice 204 bacterial spore activity 271 cephalosporins 192biocide resistance 264, 269 BS specification 240 fusidic acid 191burn colonization 144 genetic determinants 184cell membrane effects 268cephalosporin activity 96, 97clumping 240 glycopeptides 194-5chlorhexidine sterilization 217E.coli sensitivity 267 intrinsic 181-2clavulanic acid activity 100Gram-negative bacteria membrane-active antibiotics 195-6contaminated medicines 356, 382sensitivity 267 multidrug 134contamination of non-sterileinteraction with packaging mupirocin 192products 376,377materials 367 penicillins 192, 193-4during manufacture 380membrane-active agents 178 peptidoglycan synthesis inhibitorssources 378,379microbial attack 359 192-5in use 381mycobacterial resistance 269 plasmid-acquired 133, 183-4, 187cystic fibrosis infections 139properties 209 plasmid-mediated 273EDTA sensitivity 269viable counts 240 polymyxins 195-6eye-drop contamination 4174-quinolone antibacterials 120 problem 197-9gentamicin activity 108see also quinolones protein synthesis inhibitors 188-92medicament-borne infection 356,quinolones 131 sterilization 387-8382 derivatives 226 super-infection 131membrane permeabilization DNA gyrase target sites 185-6evaluation 258 inhibition 175 teicoplanin 194, 195phages 248 site of action 173tetracyclines 190, 196polymyxin resistance 187-8 urinary tract infections 140activity 178, 179 vancomycin 195resistance 195-6 rabies 62 respiratory tract 78QAC activity 225 immunoglobulins 319 flora 346-7tetracycline activity 105 vaccine 306, 309, 314 infections 137-9transfer from manufacturing process virus 64 restriction endonuclease 454, 455operators 346 radiation sterilization 401-3, 404, reticuloendothelial system 280urinary tract infections 140 405 retroviruses 65Pseudomonas cytotoxin 490 monitoring 441,444 reverse transcriptase 125, 456Pseudomonas spp.sterilizer design 403,404,405activity assay 247contamination of radioenzymatic assays 481inhibitiors 127rainfall 342sweetening/flavouring rheumatic fever 26rate of kill 231agents 359 rheumatoid arthritis 299recombinant animal cells 460indigenous to fresh water 342 rhinovirus 62, 65, 82recombinant DNA technology 453-4,raw materials for manufacturinginfection 70470process 347receptors 69cloning 454-6pseudomonic acid A see mupirocinRhodotorula spp.340psittacosis 31drug authenticity/efficacy 461,465 ribarivin 125,126pneumonia 138 medically important riboflavin 471public health measures 322 polypeptide/proteinribosome binding site 457-8,459puerperal sepsis 26 production 461ribosomespurine synthesis 173^1 natural protein analoguebacterial 169, 170pus 84production 465 non-antibiotic antibacterial agentpustules 143principles 454-61 activity 258,259pyelitis 29proteolytic damage 465streptomycin action 170,171pyelonephritis 29small molecule production 466 rickettsia, chloramphenicol activitypyrazinamide 118recombinant proteins 466112M.tuberculosis resistance 196, production from mammals 461 Rickettsia prowazeki 31197 redox potential 363 Rickettsia quintana 31pyridine 2,6-dicarboxylic acid 11,72 relapsing fever 32 Rickettsia spp [ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]